Imipira yumupira ifite ibyiringiro byiza munganda za peteroli na gazi

Reba Ishusho Nini
Imipira yumupira ifite ibyiringiro byiza mubikorwa bya peteroli na gaze, bifitanye isano ya hafi no kwibanda ku mbaraga ku isi.Dukurikije isesengura ry’ubuyobozi bushinzwe amakuru y’ingufu, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ku isi rizamuka ku gipimo cyo hejuru.Mu myaka 10 ~ 15 iri imbere, ingufu zikoreshwa ku isi ziziyongera 44%.Mubice byinshi, gukoresha peteroli na gaze bizaba kimwe cya kabiri cyingufu zose zikoreshwa.Isoko rya peteroli na gaze bizahinduka inzira yimipira.

Kuki utagomba gukoresha ingufu nshya aho gukoresha peteroli ikoresha cyane?Mu myaka mirongo iri imbere, ibintu ntibishobora guhinduka byoroshye.Birumvikana ko ifite neza gukoresha imbaraga nshya.Nyamara mubihe byubu, gusimbuza ingufu ntibishobora kugerwaho mugihe gito.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibikenerwa na peteroli ku isi no kubikoresha bizakomeza kubaho neza.Mugihe nk'iki cyiza cya macroscopique, ibisabwa kuri peteroli na gaze bizagerwaho.

Ni irihe sano riri hagati yicyizere cyiza kumasoko ya peteroli na gaze hamwe numupira wumupira?Nubwoko bwo guca ibice, imipira yumupira izaba indangagaciro zingirakamaro kumuyoboro wa peteroli na gaze kwisi mumyaka itanu iri imbere.Hazubakwa ibirometero bigera ku bihumbi 326 by'imiyoboro igomba kubakwa, bisaba hafi miliyari 200 z'amadolari y'ishoramari.Aziya izahinduka isoko rinini ryishoramari ryimiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze, bizazana inyungu zakarere mukibaya cyumupira wubushinwa.Kinini

ishoramari ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze nacyo ni ikintu cyingenzi gishimangira ibicuruzwa bya peteroli yo mu Bushinwa byohereza mu mahanga kwaguka buri gihe.

Bimenyeshejwe ko Ubushinwa buzubaka kilometero zirenga ibihumbi 20 z'imiyoboro yohereza peteroli mu myaka 10 iri imbere, harimo imiyoboro ya peteroli mpuzamahanga yambukiranya Uburusiya, Kazakisitani, n'ibindi. Usibye umushinga wo kohereza gazi y’iburengerazuba-Uburasirazuba, Ubushinwa nabwo buzakenera izindi 20 kilometero igihumbi imiyoboro y'amavuta mpuzamahanga.Iyo mishinga izakenera imipira minini irenga ibihumbi 20 ya diametre, imipira mito mito mito-isudira, imipira ya trunnion hamwe numupira wuzuye wuzuye, bizatanga isoko rinini mubikorwa byinganda zumupira.Ikirenzeho, kuvoma amakara mu buryo butaziguye bishobora gukora inganda nshya.Tekinoroji yo gutobora amakara itaziguye ifite ubushyuhe bwo gukora, umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nibintu byinshi bigize uduce duto, ibyo bikaba bisabwa cyane kumipira yumupira.Bizahinduka isoko ryiyongera.

Kubwibyo, amatsinda yimishinga agomba gutegurwa mumashanyarazi ya ball valve kugirango yongere ishoramari mubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, azamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa kugirango ibipimo bishobore guhuza iterambere mubwinshi nubwiza.